In recent years, the Pine Island Glacier and the Thwaites Glacier on West-Antarctica has been undergoing rapid changes, with potentially major consequences for rising sea levels.

Most of Svalbard’s glaciers have lost their protective firn layer, which leaves the ice much more vulnerable to summer melt.

Lopsided houses, subsiding streets, shifting dykes and nature reserves stricken by drought. In the years ahead, there will need to be some serious investment in maintenance by citizens, businesses and government.