Conversion

It is expected that the Dutch need for thermal energy in the built environment, industry  and agriculture will remain about 900 PJ by 2030. Heat pumps have the potential to deliver a large share of these needs making use of renewable electrical and thermal energy in an efficient way: an average COP of 4 for all applications would reduce the need for renewable energy  for heating purposes to 225 PJ. Vapour compression heat pumps are by far the most popular from a commercial point of view. Exergy losses in heat exchangers and compressors result in marketed heat pumps with relatively low energetic performance. 

The scientific challenges lies in the significantly increase of the performance of future heat pumps and to enlarge their application range to higher temperature levels