Theme II: Mitigating climate change

The energy transition and electrification of industrial processes demands a new set of separation technologies, driven by renewable electricity and targeting CO2 and other products in a sustainable industry. Particularly, negative emission technologies are indispensable for closing the carbon cycle by 2050 and imply large scale deployment of CO2 capture technologies in the next decades. The transition to a zero-emission society needs new CO2 capture technologies that are 1) energy-efficient, 2) with low chemical waste, and 3) are compatible with various CO2 sources and subsequent storage or utilization processes.  

We will strengthen the research on innovative separation technologies. This research may include “beyond the-state-of-the-art” selective CO2 capture and mineralization technologies, applied to a broad spectrum of applications ranging from direct (air or ocean) capture to complex gas mixtures characteristic in industrial effluent streams such as flue gas. The captured CO2 can be utilized for storage in porous media or used as resource for electro-conversion (building on the existing expertise of TU Delft’s e-Refinery institute), where similar separation challenges appear in the post-treatment. 

In the context of reducing CO2 emissions, addressing the production of products and infrastructures we use every day (e.g. cars, clothes, food, roads, and utilities), which is responsible for 45% of our CO2 emission, is indispensable. Circular strategies such as reuse, repair, refurbishment and remanufacturing, can contribute to GHG emissions reduction but often these solutions fail to speak to all stakeholders and remain in the prototype stage: they are never implemented or scaled and get stuck in the ‘Valley of Death’. This project aims to develop effective methods to engage multiple stakeholders in the design, development, implementation, and scaling of circular innovations, in particular those related to products, services and business models. The overall goal is to realize a circular economy where the value of products and the materials they are made of can be preserved by keeping them in the economic system, either by lengthening the life of the products formed from them, or ‘looping’ them back in the system to be reused.

Envisioning a paradigm shift from a fossil-based economy to a renewables-based one, chemical building blocks, final products and chemical energy carriers need to be produced via entirely differently pathways with minimal carbon footprint. While fossil oil is the main resource for many of our daily products such as fuels, base chemicals and plastics, we want to replace this carbon source by CO2 and renewably powered conversion technologies for a more circular and greener economy. We will develop an experimentally oriented research line, supported by system and component level (dynamic) modeling, towards the use of waste plastics, possibly in combination with renewable carbon feedstock, in processes that 1) recycle plastics via thermo-chemical conversion integrated with e.g. electrochemical conversion and/or 2) produce plastics from captured CO2 using renewable energy sources, including intermittent power sources.

The current transition towards using renewable energy implies a transition towards the increased demand of different raw materials as well. How can the supply of sufficient materials for solar panels, batteries, electrolyzers, etc., when we want to scale renewable energy technologies such that we keep below 1.5 degrees warming and reach a CO2 neutral society by 2050?  

In this framework, we aim at contributing to the emerging Circular Economy concepts. The focus will be on generic-use products and devices that are by-design closed loop and eventually recyclable and drive the energy transition (e.g., photovoltaic modules, power electronics, battery banks, etc.) by slowing and diversifying the supply of materials.

Both the aviation and maritime sectors play an essential role in the mobility of people and goods all around the world. While both are the hallmark of our modern globalised world and economy, they contribute substantially to global warming and climate change. Since both are hard to abate sectors that are international in nature, we need unprecedented innovations to reduce their climate footprint.

While alternative fuel and energy carriers could be used, the total life cycle analysis and climate impact of alternative fuels is not currently well understood. The aim of this flagship programme is to accelerate the energy transition in aviation and shipping by carefully and thoroughly analysing various alternative fuels and energy carriers with respect to their climate impact and emission reduction potential.